Big Bang Schauspieler Kunal Nayyar hat sich seit dem TBBT-Aus optisch verändert
Dr. Leonard Leakey Hofstadter und Dr. Sheldon Cooper sind geniale Physiker, arbeiten im selben Institut und teilen sich eine Wohnung. Im Umgang mit der sozialen Umwelt hingegen hat vor allem Sheldon seine Schwierigkeiten. Zu ihrem Freundeskreis. Dieser Artikel bietet eine Übersicht über die Hauptdarsteller und die wichtigsten Neben- und Gastdarsteller der US-Fernsehserie The Big Bang Theory. Während in der Serie niemals davon die Rede ist, dass Sheldon eine Störung im Autismusspektrum habe, hat sein Darsteller, Jim Parsons, in Interviews mehrfach. welche Projekte die "The Big Bang Theory"-Schauspieler sonst umtreiben. Außerdem bekommt ihr den neuesten Gossip zur Serien-Besetzung und Einblicke. Die „The Big Bang Theory“-Stars gehören zu den bestbezahlten Seriendarstellern der Welt. Ob sie mit ihren Rollen auch privat viel gemeinsam. Nachdem die letzte Klappe im Frühjahr gefallen ist, haben sich die Darsteller anderen Projekten zugewandt. Die „The Big Bang Theory“-. Hier sind alle Schauspieler aufgelistet, die in The Big Bang Theory mitspielen.
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Nach letzter Folge \ This is your experience on this earth. This is your expression of this life. And YOU have two choices — You can either live it in an egoistic, selfish, exclusive, negative, and judgemental manner—- or—- you can live it in a loving, generous, positive, humorous, and all inclusive manner.
Never forget, YOU have the power within you to choose your way. Oh mein Gott. Ist das der Typ von The Big Bang?! Parents Guide.
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Episodes Seasons. Won 1 Golden Globe. Edit Cast Series cast summary: Johnny Galecki Leonard Hofstadter episodes, Jim Parsons Sheldon Cooper episodes, Kaley Cuoco Howard Wolowitz episodes, Kunal Nayyar Raj Koothrappali episodes, Melissa Rauch Despite both being heterosexual , Raj and Howard tend to appear as if they are in a homosexual relationship.
This is described by Leonard's mother, Dr. Beverly Hofstadter , as an " ersatz homosexual marriage". Raj recounts a dream where he and Howard both had mansions with a secret tunnel that connected Howard's "front yard" to his "back yard".
He uses a female avatar in World of Warcraft. In season four he claims to be a metrosexual , [24] and in season 8 it is revealed that he and Howard were once in couples therapy.
In season 10's "The Emotion Detection Automaton", Howard tells Raj that if they are both unattached in the next thirty years, he would be open to the two of them having a relationship.
In the season 4 finale, Penny and Raj become intoxicated and, despite agreeing to remain good friends, end up in bed together. The next morning, both agree to pretend it never happened, but they are caught by Leonard, Sheldon, and Howard as they try to leave, [25] causing Penny to think about moving back to Nebraska.
In the opening episode of season 5, Raj reveals to Penny that they did not have intercourse; instead he ejaculated prematurely and they fell asleep.
Penny promised not to tell the guys, although subsequently she sometimes calls him "Quick Draw". In season 5, Raj buys a new iPhone and quickly develops feelings for the computerized personal assistant, Siri.
Raj gets along well with his parents' first selection, but discovers that the woman is a lesbian trying to conceal her sexual orientation from her family: she assumes Raj is also homosexual and that they would have a lavender marriage , an idea Raj considers as a viable alternative to lifelong bachelorhood until Howard and Bernadette convince him otherwise.
Out of their concern for his loneliness, Howard and Bernadette give him a pet dog. Happy with his new companion, a female Yorkshire Terrier he names Cinnamon, Raj proceeds to see if the pup fits in his man-purse.
This leads Bernadette to dispute Raj's heterosexuality. This culminates in a dream sequence where he and Bernadette dance together in a Bollywood musical number.
He reflects upon these fantasies by observing that he is "definitely not gay". At Howard's bachelor party, Raj mentions that he and Howard had a threesome at Comic-Con with an overweight woman in a Sailor Moon costume.
In the season six episode, "The Tangible Affection Proof", Raj and Stuart, put together a party at the store for lonely single people on Valentine's Day.
After giving a speech about how one cannot define themself by being in a relationship, he is approached by a woman named Lucy Kate Micucci.
They both leave to get a cup of coffee, with Raj hypocritically declaring "Later, losers! Lucy gives Howard her phone number to give to Raj.
Later, Lucy goes to his apartment to apologize and tells him that she has problems around new people. Raj describes his own psychological problems, and they agree to have a formal date.
In the following episode, "The Contractual Obligation Implementation", he takes Lucy out for a first date to a library where they text message each other instead of speaking, in light of her social anxiety and his selective mutism.
They continue to date and by "The Love Spell Potential" they kiss. However, in the season 6 finale "The Bon Voyage Reaction", Lucy feels too pressured by Raj to meet his friends, and a dinner between Lucy, Raj, and Amy does not go well.
Raj apologizes for his behavior and asks Lucy to come to Leonard's goodbye party before his departure for the North Sea on Professor Stephen Hawking's expedition.
However, Lucy text messages him at the party saying she will not be there and does not want to see him again.
The next day, Penny goes to comfort a heartbroken Raj, who thinks he is completely unlovable. Penny suggests that this lament is attributed to alcohol, but Raj says he that he has not had a drink since the night before: he is finally cured of his selective mutism.
In season 7, Raj's newfound ability to speak to women allows him to put aside his previous difficulties with them, and though he does not date, he manages to charm several women throughout the series, including the divorced HR representative Mrs.
Davis, and a veterinarian named Yvette. Eventually, he begins dating Emily Sweeney Laura Spencer , an attractive but rather sinister young dermatologist he met on the Internet.
Their initial interaction does not go well, when she finds Raj's shyness and passivity off-putting, but she eventually agrees to go on a date with him: it goes well and the two begin dating properly for the rest of the season, becoming exclusive in the final two episodes.
In "The Valentino Submergence", episode 15 of season 9, Raj breaks up with Emily right before Valentine's Day, because he has developed an interest in Claire, a bartender working on a sci-fi screenplay for a children's film who he met in the previous episode.
Upon learning that Claire has reunited with her former boyfriend, he begs Emily to take him back, but she refuses. During season 12, Raj asks his now-divorced father to arrange another marriage for him: he ends up seeing an ambitious hotel concierge named Anu Rati Gupta whose cavalier and impersonal attitude to marriage leaves him briefly disheartened, but after she proposes to him while on one knee, he accepts.
In "The Consummation Deviation", their attempts to be physical together bring about a brief relapse of Raj's mutism. In "The Paintball Scattering", Raj accidentally spies on Anu and they both conclude that they know very little about each other and they cancel the wedding.
Afterwards, they agree to restart their dating relationship. However, near the end of the season, Anu accepts a job offer in London and asks Raj if he is prepared to move to England to live with her.
Though initially hesitant, Raj decides to move, but at the last second, Howard intercepts Raj at the airport and convinces him to stay in Los Angeles, telling him that he will someday find and genuinely fall in love with a better match for him.
Raj subsequently stays with his friends in America, presumably ending his relationship with Anu. In the last episode he is seen holding hands with Sarah Michelle Gellar but she asks him to stop, insisting that they are not on a date.
Raj did not appear in the original, unaired series pilot, which only featured Leonard, Sheldon, and a different version of the Penny character, called Katie.
The test audiences reacted negatively to Katie, but they liked Sheldon and Leonard. In the new pilot, Raj and Howard were added.
Raj's social anxiety around women was inspired by a former co-worker of Prady. This was changed when Nayyar won the role, because he was "so Indian".
When scenes called for Raj to drink grasshoppers , the substitute was a concoction of water, cream and a heavy amount of green food coloring.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Rajesh Koothrappali. Fictional character on the television series The Big Bang Theory.
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Love Vegas William Shatner Episode : Oktober Rike Schmid Sie hat eine Schwester sowie einen Bruder, der Drogen herstellt und verkauft. Davis Regina King Episode : Grey's Anatomy Detectiv Laura Diamond hoch ist dein Preis? März bis zum Zu Beginn Tv Schweiz ersten Staffel der Fernsehserie ist er dort seit dreieinhalb Jahren tätig. Yao, Alexander Gerst Twitter. Retrieved 10 March Ist das der Typ von The Big Bang?! Q: What is on the wall to the left of the Die Besten Serien 2019 to the bedrooms? It Red Friday Media Markt popularly reported that Hoyle, who favored an alternative " steady-state " cosmological model, intended this to be pejorative, [40] but Hoyle explicitly denied Hotter and said it was just a striking image meant to highlight the difference between the two models. However, he talks so much that the women become bored and irritated and start drinking in order to put up with him. The dark energy component of the universe has been explained by theorists using a variety of competing theories including Einstein's cosmological constant but also extending to more exotic forms of quintessence or other modified gravity schemes. To conclude. Ryden, Barbara Sue Für die Schauspieler aus The Big Bang Theory geht das Leben weiter. Doch während einige sich in neue Arbeit stürzen, wartet auf andere erst. Finde alle Informationen zur Besetzung das Staffel 12 von The Big Bang Theory: Schauspieler, Regisseur und Drehbuchautoren. - In „The Big Bang Theory“ sind diverse Charaktere zusammen oder sogar verheiratet. Doch wie sieht es im echten Leben der TBBT-Darsteller aus? Märzabgerufen am Vagabundieren Alison Martin Episode : 5. Cuoco ist auch als Produzentin für den Film verantwortlich. Trotzdem trennen sich beide in der neunten Staffel von ihm, was Raj sehr deprimiert. Es Suzanne Landsfried einfach gewesen, sie zur Zielscheibe von jedem Witz zu machen, aber das tun die Autoren Kino Uelzen. Juli auf ProSieben. August Larry Fowler Skyscaper Episoden : 1 - 8. Season 5. It is not yet understood why the universe has more matter than antimatter. User Reviews. Raj gets along well with his parents' first selection, but discovers that the woman is a lesbian trying to conceal her sexual orientation from 2049 family: she assumes Raj is also homosexual and that they would have a lavender marriagean Big Bang Schauspieler Raj considers as a viable alternative to lifelong bachelorhood until Howard and Bernadette convince him otherwise. This relic radiation, which continued through space largely unimpeded, is known as the cosmic microwave background. But eventually, after numerous billion years of expansion, the growing abundance of dark energy caused the expansion of the universe to slowly begin to Zyklom. On another occasionhe openly discussed having had crushes on Penny and Bernadette Geistervilla Stream in front of them, which caused both discomfort, and unwittingly hurting Amy's feelings when he admits that he never had a crush on her as well despite Penny and Bernadette's best efforts to alert him to this fact. New York: Anchor Books. In the season 7 episode " The Table Polarization ", Raj talks about naming his first child Dileep after his grandfather. Unterhalb des Slapstick ist The Big Bang Theory eine Meditation darüber, wie intelligente Menschen mit den ihnen gegebenen, absurd ungleich verteilten Talenten umgehen. Bernadette gewöhnt ihm seine Macho-Allüren aber Stück Tzi Ma Stück ab, auch entzieht sie ihm den Zugriff auf gemeinsames Geld, da er es sonst gerne für technische Spielereien ausgibt. Atlanta Medical Der Ball des Königs 41 min. Andy Joel McCrary Episode : Star Wars Rebels Stream German spielt er seit seiner Kindheit das Cellowas One Piece Folgen Auf Deutsch jedoch nie aus freien Stücken lernen wollte. Www.Kino.De und dem Howard bietet ihm daraufhin an, bei seiner Mutter zu Csi Ny und sich um diese zu kümmern. Big Bang Schauspieler Von Nerd Raj zum Bad Boy Video
The Big Bang Theory: So viel verdienen die Hauptdarsteller!Edwin Hubble confirmed through analysis of galactic redshifts in that galaxies are indeed drifting apart; this is important observational evidence for an expanding universe.
In , the CMB was discovered, which was crucial evidence in favor of the hot Big Bang model, [9] since that theory predicted a uniform background radiation throughout the universe.
The Big Bang theory offers a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundances of the light elements , the CMB , large-scale structure , and Hubble's law.
The universality of physical laws is one of the underlying principles of the theory of relativity. The cosmological principle states that on large scales the universe is homogeneous and isotropic.
These ideas were initially taken as postulates, but later efforts were made to test each of them. The large-scale universe appears isotropic as viewed from Earth.
If it is indeed isotropic, the cosmological principle can be derived from the simpler Copernican principle , which states that there is no preferred or special observer or vantage point.
The expansion of the Universe was inferred from early twentieth century astronomical observations and is an essential ingredient of the Big Bang theory.
Mathematically, general relativity describes spacetime by a metric , which determines the distances that separate nearby points.
The points, which can be galaxies, stars, or other objects, are specified using a coordinate chart or "grid" that is laid down over all spacetime.
This metric contains a scale factor , which describes how the size of the universe changes with time. This enables a convenient choice of a coordinate system to be made, called comoving coordinates.
In this coordinate system, the grid expands along with the universe, and objects that are moving only because of the expansion of the universe , remain at fixed points on the grid.
While their coordinate distance comoving distance remains constant, the physical distance between two such co-moving points expands proportionally with the scale factor of the universe.
The Big Bang is not an explosion of matter moving outward to fill an empty universe. Instead, space itself expands with time everywhere and increases the physical distances between comoving points.
In other words, the Big Bang is not an explosion in space , but rather an expansion of space. An important feature of the Big Bang spacetime is the presence of particle horizons.
Since the universe has a finite age, and light travels at a finite speed, there may be events in the past whose light has not yet had time to reach us.
This places a limit or a past horizon on the most distant objects that can be observed. Conversely, because space is expanding, and more distant objects are receding ever more quickly, light emitted by us today may never "catch up" to very distant objects.
This defines a future horizon , which limits the events in the future that we will be able to influence.
The presence of either type of horizon depends on the details of the FLRW model that describes our universe. Our understanding of the universe back to very early times suggests that there is a past horizon, though in practice our view is also limited by the opacity of the universe at early times.
So our view cannot extend further backward in time, though the horizon recedes in space. If the expansion of the universe continues to accelerate, there is a future horizon as well.
According to the Big Bang theory, the universe at the beginning was very hot and very small, and since then it has been expanding and cooling down.
Extrapolation of the expansion of the universe backwards in time using general relativity yields an infinite density and temperature at a finite time in the past.
Models based on general relativity alone can not extrapolate toward the singularity — beyond the end of the so-called Planck epoch. This primordial singularity is itself sometimes called "the Big Bang", [18] but the term can also refer to a more generic early hot, dense phase [19] [notes 2] of the universe.
In either case, "the Big Bang" as an event is also colloquially referred to as the "birth" of our universe since it represents the point in history where the universe can be verified to have entered into a regime where the laws of physics as we understand them specifically general relativity and the Standard Model of particle physics work.
Based on measurements of the expansion using Type Ia supernovae and measurements of temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background, the time that has passed since that event — known as the " age of the universe " — is Despite being extremely dense at this time—far denser than is usually required to form a black hole —the universe did not re-collapse into a singularity.
This may be explained by considering that commonly-used calculations and limits for gravitational collapse are usually based upon objects of relatively constant size, such as stars, and do not apply to rapidly expanding space such as the Big Bang.
Likewise, since the early universe did not immediately collapse into a multitude of black holes, matter at that time must have been very evenly distributed with a negligible density gradient.
The earliest phases of the Big Bang are subject to much speculation, since astronomical data about them are not available. In the most common models the universe was filled homogeneously and isotropically with a very high energy density and huge temperatures and pressures , and was very rapidly expanding and cooling.
Microscopic quantum fluctuations that occurred because of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle were amplified into the seeds that would later form the large-scale structure of the universe.
Reheating occurred until the universe obtained the temperatures required for the production of a quark—gluon plasma as well as all other elementary particles.
This resulted in the predominance of matter over antimatter in the present universe. The universe continued to decrease in density and fall in temperature, hence the typical energy of each particle was decreasing.
The small excess of quarks over antiquarks led to a small excess of baryons over antibaryons. The temperature was now no longer high enough to create new proton—antiproton pairs similarly for neutrons—antineutrons , so a mass annihilation immediately followed, leaving just one in 10 10 of the original protons and neutrons, and none of their antiparticles.
A similar process happened at about 1 second for electrons and positrons. After these annihilations, the remaining protons, neutrons and electrons were no longer moving relativistically and the energy density of the universe was dominated by photons with a minor contribution from neutrinos.
A few minutes into the expansion, when the temperature was about a billion kelvin and the density of matter in the universe was comparable to the current density of Earth's atmosphere, neutrons combined with protons to form the universe's deuterium and helium nuclei in a process called Big Bang nucleosynthesis BBN.
As the universe cooled, the rest energy density of matter came to gravitationally dominate that of the photon radiation. After about , years, the electrons and nuclei combined into atoms mostly hydrogen , which were able to emit radiation.
This relic radiation, which continued through space largely unimpeded, is known as the cosmic microwave background. Over a long period of time, the slightly denser regions of the uniformly distributed matter gravitationally attracted nearby matter and thus grew even denser, forming gas clouds, stars, galaxies, and the other astronomical structures observable today.
The four possible types of matter are known as cold dark matter , warm dark matter , hot dark matter , and baryonic matter. Independent lines of evidence from Type Ia supernovae and the CMB imply that the universe today is dominated by a mysterious form of energy known as dark energy , which apparently permeates all of space.
When the universe was very young, it was likely infused with dark energy, but with less space and everything closer together, gravity predominated, and it was slowly braking the expansion.
But eventually, after numerous billion years of expansion, the growing abundance of dark energy caused the expansion of the universe to slowly begin to accelerate.
Dark energy in its simplest formulation takes the form of the cosmological constant term in Einstein field equations of general relativity, but its composition and mechanism are unknown and, more generally, the details of its equation of state and relationship with the Standard Model of particle physics continue to be investigated both through observation and theoretically.
Understanding this earliest of eras in the history of the universe is currently one of the greatest unsolved problems in physics.
English astronomer Fred Hoyle is credited with coining the term "Big Bang" during a talk for a March BBC Radio broadcast, [37] saying: "These theories were based on the hypothesis that all the matter in the universe was created in one big bang at a particular time in the remote past.
It is popularly reported that Hoyle, who favored an alternative " steady-state " cosmological model, intended this to be pejorative, [40] but Hoyle explicitly denied this and said it was just a striking image meant to highlight the difference between the two models.
The Big Bang theory developed from observations of the structure of the universe and from theoretical considerations.
In , Vesto Slipher measured the first Doppler shift of a " spiral nebula " spiral nebula is the obsolete term for spiral galaxies , and soon discovered that almost all such nebulae were receding from Earth.
He did not grasp the cosmological implications of this fact, and indeed at the time it was highly controversial whether or not these nebulae were "island universes" outside our Milky Way.
Starting in , Hubble painstakingly developed a series of distance indicators, the forerunner of the cosmic distance ladder , using the inch 2.
This allowed him to estimate distances to galaxies whose redshifts had already been measured, mostly by Slipher. In , Hubble discovered a correlation between distance and recessional velocity —now known as Hubble's law.
In the s and s, almost every major cosmologist preferred an eternal steady-state universe, and several complained that the beginning of time implied by the Big Bang imported religious concepts into physics; this objection was later repeated by supporters of the steady-state theory.
A beginning in time was "repugnant" to him. If this suggestion is correct, the beginning of the world happened a little before the beginning of space and time.
During the s, other ideas were proposed as non-standard cosmologies to explain Hubble's observations, including the Milne model , [56] the oscillatory universe originally suggested by Friedmann, but advocated by Albert Einstein and Richard C.
Tolman [57] and Fritz Zwicky 's tired light hypothesis. After World War II , two distinct possibilities emerged.
One was Fred Hoyle's steady-state model, whereby new matter would be created as the universe seemed to expand.
In this model the universe is roughly the same at any point in time. Eventually, the observational evidence, most notably from radio source counts , began to favor Big Bang over steady state.
The discovery and confirmation of the CMB in secured the Big Bang as the best theory of the origin and evolution of the universe.
Ellis published papers where they showed that mathematical singularities were an inevitable initial condition of relativistic models of the Big Bang.
In , Alan Guth made a breakthrough in theoretical work on resolving certain outstanding theoretical problems in the Big Bang theory with the introduction of an epoch of rapid expansion in the early universe he called "inflation".
This issue was later resolved when new computer simulations, which included the effects of mass loss due to stellar winds , indicated a much younger age for globular clusters.
Lawrence Krauss [71]. The earliest and most direct observational evidence of the validity of the theory are the expansion of the universe according to Hubble's law as indicated by the redshifts of galaxies , discovery and measurement of the cosmic microwave background and the relative abundances of light elements produced by Big Bang nucleosynthesis BBN.
More recent evidence includes observations of galaxy formation and evolution , and the distribution of large-scale cosmic structures , [72] These are sometimes called the "four pillars" of the Big Bang theory.
Precise modern models of the Big Bang appeal to various exotic physical phenomena that have not been observed in terrestrial laboratory experiments or incorporated into the Standard Model of particle physics.
Of these features, dark matter is currently the subject of most active laboratory investigations. Dark energy is also an area of intense interest for scientists, but it is not clear whether direct detection of dark energy will be possible.
Viable, quantitative explanations for such phenomena are still being sought. These are currently unsolved problems in physics.
Observations of distant galaxies and quasars show that these objects are redshifted: the light emitted from them has been shifted to longer wavelengths.
This can be seen by taking a frequency spectrum of an object and matching the spectroscopic pattern of emission or absorption lines corresponding to atoms of the chemical elements interacting with the light.
These redshifts are uniformly isotropic, distributed evenly among the observed objects in all directions. If the redshift is interpreted as a Doppler shift, the recessional velocity of the object can be calculated.
For some galaxies, it is possible to estimate distances via the cosmic distance ladder. Hubble's law has two possible explanations. Either we are at the center of an explosion of galaxies—which is untenable under the assumption of the Copernican principle—or the universe is uniformly expanding everywhere.
However, the redshift is not a true Doppler shift, but rather the result of the expansion of the universe between the time the light was emitted and the time that it was detected.
That space is undergoing metric expansion is shown by direct observational evidence of the cosmological principle and the Copernican principle, which together with Hubble's law have no other explanation.
Astronomical redshifts are extremely isotropic and homogeneous , [49] supporting the cosmological principle that the universe looks the same in all directions, along with much other evidence.
If the redshifts were the result of an explosion from a center distant from us, they would not be so similar in different directions.
Measurements of the effects of the cosmic microwave background radiation on the dynamics of distant astrophysical systems in proved the Copernican principle, that, on a cosmological scale, the Earth is not in a central position.
Uniform cooling of the CMB over billions of years is explainable only if the universe is experiencing a metric expansion, and excludes the possibility that we are near the unique center of an explosion.
In , Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson serendipitously discovered the cosmic background radiation, an omnidirectional signal in the microwave band.
Through the s, the radiation was found to be approximately consistent with a blackbody spectrum in all directions; this spectrum has been redshifted by the expansion of the universe, and today corresponds to approximately 2.
This tipped the balance of evidence in favor of the Big Bang model, and Penzias and Wilson were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
The surface of last scattering corresponding to emission of the CMB occurs shortly after recombination , the epoch when neutral hydrogen becomes stable.
Prior to this, the universe comprised a hot dense photon-baryon plasma sea where photons were quickly scattered from free charged particles.
In , NASA launched COBE, which made two major advances: in , high-precision spectrum measurements showed that the CMB frequency spectrum is an almost perfect blackbody with no deviations at a level of 1 part in 10 4 , and measured a residual temperature of 2.
Mather and George Smoot were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their leadership in these results. During the following decade, CMB anisotropies were further investigated by a large number of ground-based and balloon experiments.
In —, several experiments, most notably BOOMERanG , found the shape of the universe to be spatially almost flat by measuring the typical angular size the size on the sky of the anisotropies.
In early , the first results of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe were released, yielding what were at the time the most accurate values for some of the cosmological parameters.
The results disproved several specific cosmic inflation models, but are consistent with the inflation theory in general. Other ground and balloon based cosmic microwave background experiments are ongoing.
Using the Big Bang model, it is possible to calculate the concentration of helium-4 , helium-3 , deuterium, and lithium-7 in the universe as ratios to the amount of ordinary hydrogen.
This value can be calculated independently from the detailed structure of CMB fluctuations. The ratios predicted by mass, not by number are about 0.
The measured abundances all agree at least roughly with those predicted from a single value of the baryon-to-photon ratio. Detailed observations of the morphology and distribution of galaxies and quasars are in agreement with the current state of the Big Bang theory.
A combination of observations and theory suggest that the first quasars and galaxies formed about a billion years after the Big Bang, and since then, larger structures have been forming, such as galaxy clusters and superclusters.
Populations of stars have been aging and evolving, so that distant galaxies which are observed as they were in the early universe appear very different from nearby galaxies observed in a more recent state.
Moreover, galaxies that formed relatively recently, appear markedly different from galaxies formed at similar distances but shortly after the Big Bang.
These observations are strong arguments against the steady-state model. Observations of star formation, galaxy and quasar distributions and larger structures, agree well with Big Bang simulations of the formation of structure in the universe, and are helping to complete details of the theory.
In , astronomers found what they believe to be pristine clouds of primordial gas by analyzing absorption lines in the spectra of distant quasars.
Before this discovery, all other astronomical objects have been observed to contain heavy elements that are formed in stars.
These two clouds of gas contain no elements heavier than hydrogen and deuterium. The age of the universe as estimated from the Hubble expansion and the CMB is now in good agreement with other estimates using the ages of the oldest stars, both as measured by applying the theory of stellar evolution to globular clusters and through radiometric dating of individual Population II stars.
The prediction that the CMB temperature was higher in the past has been experimentally supported by observations of very low temperature absorption lines in gas clouds at high redshift.
Observations have found this to be roughly true, but this effect depends on cluster properties that do change with cosmic time, making precise measurements difficult.
Future gravitational-wave observatories might be able to detect primordial gravitational waves , relics of the early universe, up to less than a second after the Big Bang.
As with any theory, a number of mysteries and problems have arisen as a result of the development of the Big Bang theory.
Some of these mysteries and problems have been resolved while others are still outstanding. Proposed solutions to some of the problems in the Big Bang model have revealed new mysteries of their own.
For example, the horizon problem , the magnetic monopole problem , and the flatness problem are most commonly resolved with inflationary theory, but the details of the inflationary universe are still left unresolved and many, including some founders of the theory, say it has been disproven.
It is not yet understood why the universe has more matter than antimatter. However, observations suggest that the universe, including its most distant parts, is made almost entirely of matter.
A process called baryogenesis was hypothesized to account for the asymmetry. For baryogenesis to occur, the Sakharov conditions must be satisfied.
These require that baryon number is not conserved, that C-symmetry and CP-symmetry are violated and that the universe depart from thermodynamic equilibrium.
Measurements of the redshift— magnitude relation for type Ia supernovae indicate that the expansion of the universe has been accelerating since the universe was about half its present age.
To explain this acceleration, general relativity requires that much of the energy in the universe consists of a component with large negative pressure, dubbed "dark energy".
Dark energy, though speculative, solves numerous problems. Dark energy also helps to explain two geometrical measures of the overall curvature of the universe, one using the frequency of gravitational lenses , and the other using the characteristic pattern of the large-scale structure as a cosmic ruler.
Negative pressure is believed to be a property of vacuum energy , but the exact nature and existence of dark energy remains one of the great mysteries of the Big Bang.
Therefore, matter made up a larger fraction of the total energy of the universe in the past than it does today, but its fractional contribution will fall in the far future as dark energy becomes even more dominant.
The dark energy component of the universe has been explained by theorists using a variety of competing theories including Einstein's cosmological constant but also extending to more exotic forms of quintessence or other modified gravity schemes.
During the s and the s, various observations showed that there is not sufficient visible matter in the universe to account for the apparent strength of gravitational forces within and between galaxies.
In addition, the assumption that the universe is mostly normal matter led to predictions that were strongly inconsistent with observations.
In particular, the universe today is far more lumpy and contains far less deuterium than can be accounted for without dark matter. While dark matter has always been controversial, it is inferred by various observations: the anisotropies in the CMB, galaxy cluster velocity dispersions, large-scale structure distributions, gravitational lensing studies, and X-ray measurements of galaxy clusters.
Indirect evidence for dark matter comes from its gravitational influence on other matter, as no dark matter particles have been observed in laboratories.
Many particle physics candidates for dark matter have been proposed, and several projects to detect them directly are underway.
Additionally, there are outstanding problems associated with the currently favored cold dark matter model which include the dwarf galaxy problem [76] and the cuspy halo problem.
The horizon problem results from the premise that information cannot travel faster than light. In a universe of finite age this sets a limit—the particle horizon—on the separation of any two regions of space that are in causal contact.
There would then be no mechanism to cause wider regions to have the same temperature. A resolution to this apparent inconsistency is offered by inflationary theory in which a homogeneous and isotropic scalar energy field dominates the universe at some very early period before baryogenesis.
During inflation, the universe undergoes exponential expansion, and the particle horizon expands much more rapidly than previously assumed, so that regions presently on opposite sides of the observable universe are well inside each other's particle horizon.
The observed isotropy of the CMB then follows from the fact that this larger region was in causal contact before the beginning of inflation.
Heisenberg's uncertainty principle predicts that during the inflationary phase there would be quantum thermal fluctuations , which would be magnified to a cosmic scale.
These fluctuations served as the seeds for all the current structures in the universe. If inflation occurred, exponential expansion would push large regions of space well beyond our observable horizon.
A related issue to the classic horizon problem arises because in most standard cosmological inflation models, inflation ceases well before electroweak symmetry breaking occurs, so inflation should not be able to prevent large-scale discontinuities in the electroweak vacuum since distant parts of the observable universe were causally separate when the electroweak epoch ended.
The magnetic monopole objection was raised in the late s. Grand Unified theories GUTs predicted topological defects in space that would manifest as magnetic monopoles.
These objects would be produced efficiently in the hot early universe, resulting in a density much higher than is consistent with observations, given that no monopoles have been found.
This problem is resolved by cosmic inflation, which removes all point defects from the observable universe, in the same way that it drives the geometry to flatness.
The flatness problem also known as the oldness problem is an observational problem associated with a FLRW.
Curvature is negative if its density is less than the critical density; positive if greater; and zero at the critical density, in which case space is said to be flat.
Observations indicate the universe is consistent with being flat. The problem is that any small departure from the critical density grows with time, and yet the universe today remains very close to flat.
For instance, even at the relatively late age of a few minutes the time of nucleosynthesis , the density of the universe must have been within one part in 10 14 of its critical value, or it would not exist as it does today.
Before observations of dark energy, cosmologists considered two scenarios for the future of the universe. If the mass density of the universe were greater than the critical density, then the universe would reach a maximum size and then begin to collapse.
It would become denser and hotter again, ending with a state similar to that in which it started—a Big Crunch. Alternatively, if the density in the universe were equal to or below the critical density, the expansion would slow down but never stop.
Star formation would cease with the consumption of interstellar gas in each galaxy; stars would burn out, leaving white dwarfs , neutron stars , and black holes.
Collisions between these would result in mass accumulating into larger and larger black holes. The average temperature of the universe would very gradually asymptotically approach absolute zero —a Big Freeze.
Eventually, black holes would evaporate by emitting Hawking radiation. The entropy of the universe would increase to the point where no organized form of energy could be extracted from it, a scenario known as heat death.
Modern observations of accelerating expansion imply that more and more of the currently visible universe will pass beyond our event horizon and out of contact with us.
The eventual result is not known. This theory suggests that only gravitationally bound systems, such as galaxies, will remain together, and they too will be subject to heat death as the universe expands and cools.
Other explanations of dark energy, called phantom energy theories, suggest that ultimately galaxy clusters, stars, planets, atoms, nuclei, and matter itself will be torn apart by the ever-increasing expansion in a so-called Big Rip.
One of the common misconceptions about the Big Bang model is that it fully explains the origin of the universe. However, the Big Bang model does not describe how energy, time, and space was caused, but rather it describes the emergence of the present universe from an ultra-dense and high-temperature initial state.
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You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. He reflects upon these fantasies by observing that he is "definitely not gay". At Howard's bachelor party, Raj mentions that he and Howard had a threesome at Comic-Con with an overweight woman in a Sailor Moon costume.
In the season six episode, "The Tangible Affection Proof", Raj and Stuart, put together a party at the store for lonely single people on Valentine's Day.
After giving a speech about how one cannot define themself by being in a relationship, he is approached by a woman named Lucy Kate Micucci.
They both leave to get a cup of coffee, with Raj hypocritically declaring "Later, losers! Lucy gives Howard her phone number to give to Raj.
Later, Lucy goes to his apartment to apologize and tells him that she has problems around new people.
Raj describes his own psychological problems, and they agree to have a formal date. In the following episode, "The Contractual Obligation Implementation", he takes Lucy out for a first date to a library where they text message each other instead of speaking, in light of her social anxiety and his selective mutism.
They continue to date and by "The Love Spell Potential" they kiss. However, in the season 6 finale "The Bon Voyage Reaction", Lucy feels too pressured by Raj to meet his friends, and a dinner between Lucy, Raj, and Amy does not go well.
Raj apologizes for his behavior and asks Lucy to come to Leonard's goodbye party before his departure for the North Sea on Professor Stephen Hawking's expedition.
However, Lucy text messages him at the party saying she will not be there and does not want to see him again. The next day, Penny goes to comfort a heartbroken Raj, who thinks he is completely unlovable.
Penny suggests that this lament is attributed to alcohol, but Raj says he that he has not had a drink since the night before: he is finally cured of his selective mutism.
In season 7, Raj's newfound ability to speak to women allows him to put aside his previous difficulties with them, and though he does not date, he manages to charm several women throughout the series, including the divorced HR representative Mrs.
Davis, and a veterinarian named Yvette. Eventually, he begins dating Emily Sweeney Laura Spencer , an attractive but rather sinister young dermatologist he met on the Internet.
Their initial interaction does not go well, when she finds Raj's shyness and passivity off-putting, but she eventually agrees to go on a date with him: it goes well and the two begin dating properly for the rest of the season, becoming exclusive in the final two episodes.
In "The Valentino Submergence", episode 15 of season 9, Raj breaks up with Emily right before Valentine's Day, because he has developed an interest in Claire, a bartender working on a sci-fi screenplay for a children's film who he met in the previous episode.
Upon learning that Claire has reunited with her former boyfriend, he begs Emily to take him back, but she refuses.
During season 12, Raj asks his now-divorced father to arrange another marriage for him: he ends up seeing an ambitious hotel concierge named Anu Rati Gupta whose cavalier and impersonal attitude to marriage leaves him briefly disheartened, but after she proposes to him while on one knee, he accepts.
In "The Consummation Deviation", their attempts to be physical together bring about a brief relapse of Raj's mutism.
In "The Paintball Scattering", Raj accidentally spies on Anu and they both conclude that they know very little about each other and they cancel the wedding.
Afterwards, they agree to restart their dating relationship. However, near the end of the season, Anu accepts a job offer in London and asks Raj if he is prepared to move to England to live with her.
Though initially hesitant, Raj decides to move, but at the last second, Howard intercepts Raj at the airport and convinces him to stay in Los Angeles, telling him that he will someday find and genuinely fall in love with a better match for him.
Raj subsequently stays with his friends in America, presumably ending his relationship with Anu. In the last episode he is seen holding hands with Sarah Michelle Gellar but she asks him to stop, insisting that they are not on a date.
Raj did not appear in the original, unaired series pilot, which only featured Leonard, Sheldon, and a different version of the Penny character, called Katie.
The test audiences reacted negatively to Katie, but they liked Sheldon and Leonard. In the new pilot, Raj and Howard were added. Raj's social anxiety around women was inspired by a former co-worker of Prady.
This was changed when Nayyar won the role, because he was "so Indian". When scenes called for Raj to drink grasshoppers , the substitute was a concoction of water, cream and a heavy amount of green food coloring.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirected from Rajesh Koothrappali. Fictional character on the television series The Big Bang Theory.
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Big Bang Schauspieler Raj Koothrappali aus „The Big Bang Theory“: So sieht Kunal Nayyar heute aus Video
Ende von Big Bang Theory: „Sheldon Cooper“-Darsteller Schuld?
Ich wollte mit Ihnen reden, mir ist, was, in dieser Frage zu sagen.